February Art: dream

•February 12, 2024 • Leave a Comment

Despite the academic-sounding title and the central portico making this an identifiable setting (La Perspective (c.1715) seems to be set in the collector Pierre Crozat’s maison de plaisance outside Paris) this picture comes upon the viewer like some half-remembered dream. Before his early death Jean-Antoine Watteau became known for what a baffled academician called ‘festes (fêtes) galantes’, parties of people in contemporary dress distributed in outdoor settings with no obvious mythological referent. Paintings like this have drawn comparisons with theatre, and such groupings of figures, guitarists alongside admiring women, gesturing would-be lovers, are familiar from Watteau’s sketches and other works, as well as engraved by others.

But what are they all doing here? This play has no script, and its atmosphere of shimmering sensuality seems to demand privacy rather an audience. A minute or two more and, like the ladies who wander towards the crevice incised between looming trees, you feel that they’d all have found a convenient nook or melted away into the foliage – and the scene left empty.   

February Art: humanity

•February 11, 2024 • Leave a Comment

My first time in the Louvre, repelled by crowds jostling the bullet-proofed Mona Lisa, I met this woman unregarded in a corridor. She was somehow not worthy of being in the same room (although being the Louvre, it was a very grand corridor) – never heralded by Walter Pater’s sinuous prose, or sent on a diplomatic visit to America, instead sniffed at by supposed connoisseurs (Berenson: ‘one would regret to have to accept this as Leonardo’s own work’) – even the name, La Belle Feronnière (c.1495), which as far as I can see means the beautiful iron ornament, seems dismissive (possibly in real life she was Lucrezia Crivelli, lover of Ludovico Sforza, sometime Duke of Milan). Which shows how little people know.

Painters had made beauty before, but not such humanity, her serious face half-turned in concern or love (are the eyes looking at us or over our shoulder?), rendered with infinite subtlety by the new oil paints, the lips, cheek, and brow in softest sfumato: ‘Your shadows and lights’ Leonardo wrote, ‘should be blended without lines or borders in the manner of smoke losing itself in the air’. His notebooks show him studying the effects of reflected light, which arrives from the shoulder below to leave the curve of lower cheek glowing with soft colour. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci is an engaging artist, always starting projects, not so often finishing them; when he finished this walnut panel he’d made someone living.  

February Art: birds

•February 9, 2024 • Leave a Comment

Edward Lear is known for nonsense verse but he was one of the nineteenth century’s great observational artists, who despite his short sight became highly accomplished at detailed landscapes and naturalist’s drawings to go alongside his sketches and snatches of silliness. The period was obsessed with observing, studying, and classifying the natural world, and Lear’s early speciality was birds – no small matter as it was his collaborator John Gould’s observations of finches which kick-started Darwin’s theories.

Lear started with parrots, drawing them obsessively at the cages at Regent’s Park zoo in London (‘for twelve months I have so moved – looked at – & existed among Parrots – that should any transmigration take place at my decease I am sure my soul would be very uncomfortable in anything but one of the Psittacidae’). He developed the stone oil and water lithograph technique to turn his own drawings into huge hand coloured folio plates, before partnering with Gould in trips to Europe to include a wider aviary of owls and toucans. So much looking means that birds and backgrounds show the colour and character that later animates his verses, where companionable birds often feature: ‘There was an old Person of Nice, / whose associates were usually Geese…’. It’s hard to choose just one!

February Art: lessness

•February 8, 2024 • Leave a Comment

Sometimes less is more. It might be that in a lifetime’s work in Norway and France Anna-Eva Bergman used a variety of media, including paper, photographs, gold and silver; it might be she has been overshadowed by her partner the artist Hans Hartung; or it might be her asymmetric abstracts are uncannily suggestive of natural forms – but she should be better known, and there’s enough in a single one of her images to reward long looking.

The couple left behind extensive resources for study at the Hartman-Bergman Foundation at Antibes; as part of a real European renaissance of interest, last year she was subject of a major retrospective at La Musée d’Art Moderne of Paris, this year a new one at the National Museum Oslo; for now, though, let’s gather the shapes and colours of Gap (Fente, acrylic and metal, 1975), and just look.

February Art: poise

•February 7, 2024 • Leave a Comment

This man looks pretty calm for someone with reins in his hand. He’s a charioteer, and he’s just won the race, they say. To me it’s rather he embodies human sculpture’s ability to present stillness in motion, grace under pressure, poised behind racing horses with the nonchalance of a skilled practitioner, what they call in Italy sprezzatura. To understand all the (Italian) fuss about ancient Greek sculpture, we have to go back not to marble copies, but the rare examples like this that survive in bronze.

First the pieces of this Delphic charioteer (474 BC) would have been formed in clay, coated with wax, encased in silica mould, the wax melted out and replaced by pouring in molten bronze whose tensile strength allowed his limbs to lift themselves free from the traditional archaic stiff pose beside his body (and the reason many marble statues have lost more arms than him). Ironically the folds of his tunic look almost like a stone column – they would have been cut across by the chariot, but then we might not glimpse his feet, apparently admired in antiquity.

The delicacy of feature possible in his facial decoration, eyelashes intact and glass irises, suggests that the idea of coloured statuary might not be so garish as some have thought. There are plenty of other reasons to make the pilgrimage (Appalachian Spring, anyone?) but this figure is worth a trip to Delphi on his own.

February Art: ice

•February 6, 2024 • Leave a Comment

For some reason I recently got obsessed with the Titanic, trying to look beyond the morality tale of lost souls and industrial hubris into insurance claims, artworks, and telegraph systems, but always returning to human failings. Probably it was teaching Thomas Hardy’s poem ‘The Convergence of the Twain’ which puts together in grand irony not man against nature, which might be too easy (no people are mentioned in the poem) but some deeper working out of circumstances, the ‘far and dissociate’ making of two objects destined to meet.

To the horror of his contemporaries, who spoke of ‘the power of the tremendous ice mountains having something sublime, but also a somewhat frightening boldness’, Eismeer (1823) by Caspar David Friedrich also eliminates the human, leaving a desolate depiction of what Hardy’s poem calls a ‘Shape of Ice’. It is this shape, the sharpness of its texture that catches the eye and chills the spine, so it is a while maybe before you notice the mast, the hull of a ship, or read a sometime title ‘Die verunglückte Hoffnung’, the failed or aborted hope. This too is a monument to human vanity: nothing is unsinkable. But then almost nothing is unpaintable, as in the midst of his despair the artist discovers, finding an ascending order of browns and greens and misty blues, something from which to seek ice-white oblivion.

February Art: meditation

•February 5, 2024 • Leave a Comment

Gabriele Münter might be the least known of the artists associated with Der Blaue Reiter group in Munich, which included Frank Marc, Alexei von Jawlensky, to an extent Paul Klee, in music Arnold Schönberg, and Münter’s partner Wassily Kandinsky. That she was one of the most creative is obvious from this painting, chosen here as Brigid’s Day tribute.

Sinnende or Meditation was painted in 1917 after Münter had left her house with Kandinsky in Murnau for Stockholm as part of a series featuring model Gertrude Holz, a young Swede of Jewish descent. The idea seems to be a solitary but not melancholy contemplation, with all the sense of reflective feeling inherent in the German word. This typical northern European theme is explored with southern colours and contrasts, like the rich scarlet lamp and fruit. The moment depicted might be fruitful, too, something suggested by a playful composition, wall window and table drawn together through black outlines with the foreground forms, violet flowers as it were sprouting like ideas from her head.

February Art: ships & skies

•February 4, 2024 • Leave a Comment

This might be my new favourite painting. Horizon! Hand-gestures! Hats! There’s so much going on. Well, this is not just anyone but King Melchior Sailing to the Holy Land (c.1450) with luggage, retinue, flotilla, in a pretty elaborate embarkation.

In a way, the process had to be so elaborate, and not only because he was a King. When through Muslim incursions the Holy Land was cut off to pilgrims, to demonstrate your devotion you had to visit sites closer to home. The ready use of proper sailing vessels in the time of Christ explained why St Mark had handily turned up in Venice, St Mary Magdelene had sailed to the south of France (her bones lifted to the Cathedral at Vézelay), and St James had somehow travelled all the way to Compostela, Spain to help with the Crusades. But though it is fun to spot the tonsured rowing monks, crow’s nests, Norman crenelations, and other potential anachronisms, it is more fun still to feast on this incised jewel of painting (one of an altar piece pair) from a Florentine artist with gift for colour as well as line; the changing light in the sky, multicoloured robes, the glorious reds and yellows of the tents picked up by the dog collar. Pesellino died young of the plague, leaving behind only a handful of works; his colours maybe owe something to restoration. But it means there’s no better time to see them. The painting is on view right now until March in a tiny exhibition in the National Gallery, London; just one room, but a what a room.

February Art: Serpent

•February 3, 2024 • Leave a Comment

Names stick, when it comes to art – even if they are meant as rude, from the Impressionists to El Greco. Still-mysterious and possibly quite heterogenous groups of people in ancient Scotland, the Picts we know were artists: the name is Roman abuse for their propensity to paint, allegedly on their own bodies, just as the Greeks derided those whose language sounded to them like babble (Barbarians).

‘Serpent Stone’, Aberlemo, Angus

Consummate tattooists maybe, they were certainly technically-skilled stonemasons whose powerful carvings of boars and battles survive alongside strange symbolic and geometric designs. This stone, like others at Aberlemno, Angus (near Dundee), spends the winter in a wooden box to protect it from frost. Its name, Serpent Stone, is a good one, though much too recent to explain the enigma. The stone comes from 1500 years ago; the name comes from a self-reinforcing Wikipedia entry, in an example of internet-age citogenesis.

February Art: the sea

•February 2, 2024 • Leave a Comment

2 February is James Joyce’s birthday (and the day on which A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Ulysses were published), so who better to illustrate it than the protean father of European pop art Richard Hamilton, who from a young age was obsessed with Joyce and the bric-a-brac of modern culture. Not, though, his black and white prints for Ulysses; instead, a shimmering scene of bathers which might or might not borrow from a photograph, where each figure is a point in a pattern of light and (if you look closely enough) a just-discernible individual.

Bathers II 1964 Richard Hamilton 1922-2011

The prose of A Portrait becomes rhythmically imbued by Stephen Dedalus’s obsessive viewing of a girl standing alone and still, her skirts drawn up, gazing out to sea, ‘in the likeness of a strange and beautiful sea-bird’. Taken together, Hamilton’s Bathers II (only recently lent to Tate Modern) might almost be fowl or flesh; taken apart, they start to make their own rhythms.

February Art: the gaze

•February 1, 2024 • Leave a Comment

The Guardian’s January art diet coming to a close, I thought I would continue where it left off (at Velazquez’s Las Meninas). Continuing January’s theme of looking and being looked at, February Art or (FART) begins with Murillo’s Two Women at a Window (1675), in the National Gallery of Art, Washington DC (where after much mutual gazing I fell in love with it).

Though he excelled at the usual grand Biblical themes, Murillo’s art comes alive in local moments of human observation: saints reading, mothers resting, boys eating – or not eating, too tired even to beg. These two contrasting but warmly-observed women almost reverse the male gaze, contemplating the viewer in innocent conspiracy, frankly looking or even laughing (why? are we no kind of suitor?), as they lean out of the window and out of the picture frame, into our world.

Silhouette

•April 28, 2015 • Leave a Comment

A moon poem by Langston Hughes. In the present climate it needs little comment: only to note that ‘in the dark of the moon’ introduces a series of sharp inversions to the binaries of darkness and light, followed closely by black/white, and most bitterly, bad/good; all of which might make us doubt we always ‘see’ so clearly the darknesses in language such as ‘gentle’ and ‘protects’.

Silhouette

Southern gentle lady
Do not swoon.
They’ve just hung a black man
In the dark of the moon.

They’ve hung a black man
To a roadside tree
In the dark of the moon
For the world to see
How Dixie protects
Its white womanhood.

Southern gentle lady,
Be good!
Be good!

Our sentimental friend the moon

•February 18, 2015 • Leave a Comment

I’m not sure why ‘Conversation Galente’ by T.S.Eliot has not come to mind before. Appearing in Prufrock and Other Observations (1917) this is a moon poem that knows its past. T.E.Hulme’s moony effort is, surely, an influence (I’ve not checked, but the link between them would doubtless be Ezra Pound). I would also rather like Yeats’s poem ‘Balloon of the Mind’ to be in there somewhere:

Balloon of the Mind

Hands, do what you’re bid:
Bring the balloon of the mind
That bellies and drags in the wind
Into its narrow shed.

This may be wishful thinking, although the Eliot’s poem is composed about the same time: Yeats’s poem is published in book form in 1919. They are both poems about difficulty of self-control: though the will-o-the-wisp presence of the legendary benign ruler Prester John does nothing to prevent the self-control of Eliot’s poem nearly disintegrating. Most obviously, even in its title, Eliot’s verse refers to its French origins. Any number of Jules Laforgue poems with their spoken asides, sombre ironies, and moonlit pierrots lie behind the tone and tenor of this apparently world-weary, woman-weary jesting dialogue. And something in this poem’s bones knows well that such conversational jests and sallies are an echo of the middle ages’ gestes and sallirs,* the kind of jesting gestures of devotion in vocalized verse that got troubadours or trouveres into such trouble.

Mary Binder 1918

It seems fitting to look into the dusty back room of this poem, as not only does it come from the pen of an inveterate borrower, who noted in his essay on ‘Philip Massinger’ that ‘immature poets imitate, mature poets steal; bad poets deface what they take, and good poets make it into something better, or at least something different’ (The Sacred Wood, 1920); not only this, but the theme involves the inevitable borrowings and cliches of art and the still more inevitable borrowings of speech, typified here by a replayed, desiccated conversation at sour cross-purposes. The very words of the poem themselves seem weighed down by being already spoken, rehearsed on some other night, some other century, burdened all the more as they take on a kind of desperate lightness. Notwithstanding all the hot air the balloon of this conversation barely gets off the ground.

And what could be more cliched than the moon? Excepting perhaps  a work of art about it. Chopin’s Nocturnes or perhaps Debussy’s ‘Clair de Lune’ take a turn only to find that even that most affecting art, music, can ‘only body forth vacuity’. Schoenberg’s moon-drunk Pierrot Lunaire might have something to say here. Mind you, no one in the poem really listens: the conversation is a joust of unerring unhearing pretension whose misogynist flavour is not allayed by its finicking politeness — ‘you, madam’ — or by the sense that the woman takes on the traditional female aspect of the fickle moon, who is thus perhaps obliquely addressed in the final stanza.

What then can we rescue from what comes dangerously close to a self-obsessed affectation of indifference? A sulky adolescent behind slammed door nonetheless complaining that the world does not appreciate him? This is perhaps what an (unsigned) TLS review of Eliot’s first book meant to convey: ‘the fact that these things occurred to the mind of Mr. Eliot is surely of the very smallest importance to anyone, even to himself. They certainly have no relation to poetry‘. But they do, and we must salvage something. We are left with the feeling that these mad poetics might be serious, as understood by that last strangely penetrating question. The poem speaks from the edge of madness. The balloon of the mind is stretched almost to burst. Our speaker knows he will not be heard, but desperately speaks his despair and incoherence in language that has gone dead. At least, being poor, borrowed, and battered, the language he speaks seems to know its deadness. This is little comfort though if he speaks, as he seems to, for a whole culture. If he is mad, this is distressing, and all our indifference pitiable; if he is not mad then language and culture teeter on the edge of meaninglessness. The pierrot figure may not be wearing his costume in this poem but he plays the fool; on the other hand, he is not joking.

Conversation Galante

I observe: “Our sentimental friend the moon!
Or possibly (fantastic, I confess)
It may be Prester John’s balloon
Or an old battered lantern hung aloft
To light poor travellers to their distress.”
She then: “How you digress!”

And I then: “Some one frames upon the keys
That exquisite nocturne, with which we explain
The night and moonshine; music which we seize
To body forth our own vacuity.”
She then: “Does this refer to me?”
“Oh no, it is I who am inane.”

“You, madam, are the eternal humorist,
The eternal enemy of the absolute,
Giving our vagrant moods the slightest twist!
With your aid indifferent and imperious
At a stroke our mad poetics to confute—”
And—“Are we then so serious?”

* a geste is a heroic deed, an act, and thence a story or song about one, later an idle tale; a sally is a sortie, a military term from Fr sallir, to leap. Both then were once in deadly earnest.

Football at Slack

•July 8, 2014 • Leave a Comment

A departure in honour of the world cup: not a moon poem, but it does have an flying orb, and a final sun. It comes from Ted Hughes’s mordant Remains of Elmet (1979), an elegy in landscape for lost generations made religious by Wesleyan hymns, made to work by industrialized concerns, and then lost in the First World War. The book comes with photographs by Fay Godwin: brooding, magnificent black and white images, some featuring grey gradations of mist, or wet cobblestones, others pairing shafts of light cutting through cloud with shafts of churches and industrial towers black against the sky. Elmet is the old kingdom of West Yorkshire, the Calder valley near Heptonstall, north of Halifax: Bronte country. Like the photographs, most of the poems in the volume are not populated: but this poem is, and by shouts that cause heaven to take note. The lowering cloud over the whole volume lifts just for a moment – to reveal a ‘holocaust’, literally a burnt offering. This momentarily uplifting sporting post is also in honour of the Tour de France, which cut through this same landscape with such colour this weekend. The Tour has moved on to Ypres, perhaps the final destination for some of these footballers, many of whom brought their balls and shouts to the Western Front, explaining I suppose the vocabulary of glares, steel, darkening, glooms, fiery holes, plunging, foundering and even blown balls that underlies and perhaps undercuts the poem’s buoyancy. If someone in heaven is looking on fondly they might also be jealous to take these footballers back, too soon.

Football at Slack

Between plunging valleys, on a bareback of hill
Men in bunting colours
Bounced, and their blown ball bounced.

The blown ball jumped, and the merry-coloured men
Spouted like water to head it.
The ball blew away downwind –

The rubbery men bounced after it.
The ball jumped up and out and hung on the wind
Over a gulf of treetops.
Then they all shouted together, and the ball blew back.

Winds from fiery holes in heaven
Piled the hills darkening around them
To awe them. The glare light
Mixed its mad oils and threw glooms.
Then the rain lowered a steel press.

Hair plastered, they all just trod water
To puddle glitter. And their shouts bobbed up
Coming fine and thin, washed and happy

While the humped world sank foundering
And the valleys blued unthinkable
Under depth of Atlantic depression –

But the wingers leapt, they bicycled in air
And the goalie flew horizontal

And once again a golden holocaust
Lifted the cloud’s edge, to watch them.

KONICA MINOLTA DIGITAL CAMERA

Oysters

•September 29, 2013 • Leave a Comment

This post is somewhat of a departure, though it is also a return. Fewer moons than usual perhaps, but plenty of sun and celestial alignments. And as with oysters themselves the moon assists the lapping of the tides. It is written in part to celebrate a poem by Seamus Heaney called ‘Oysters’:

Oysters

Our shells clacked on the plates.
My tongue was a filling estuary,
My palate hung with starlight:
As I tasted the salty Pleiades
Orion dipped his foot into the water.

Alive and violated,
They lay on their bed of ice:
Bivalves: the split bulb
And philandering sigh of ocean
Millions of them ripped and shucked and scattered.

We had driven to that coast
Through flowers and limestone
And there we were, toasting friendship,
Laying down a perfect memory
In the cool of thatch and crockery.

Over the Alps, packed deep in hay and snow,
The Romans hauled their oysters south to Rome:
I saw damp panniers disgorge
The frond-lipped, brine-stung
Glut of privilege.

And was angry that my trust could not repose
In the clear light, like poetry or freedom
Leaning in from sea. I ate the day
Deliberately, that its tang
Might quicken me all into verb, pure verb.

One sunny day two weekends ago I went on a meandering cycling trip through Oranmore and Renvyle past the castles and inlets of Galway Bay. My thought was to steer towards the oyster festival in Clarenbridge: I had been drawn there by the poem’s imperative to action, my way of marking the death of Seamus Heaney. As I arrived the festival itself, a tented disappointment of blaring music, had barely begun: the high heels and black ties, attracted by the unseasonal sun, still lingered outside the pub. It was here in Clarenbridge, however, that I happened upon two landscape prints sunning themselves outside an antiques shop. Even from a distance they appeared elegantly conceived; looking closer it was obvious they were beautifully, exquisitely drawn. Both were signed in the corner DEL ET LITH EDWARD LEAR. Now while Edward Lear is really best known as a Victorian writer of nonsense verse and limericks, this reminded me that he was a proper artist too, and most people can recall that his verses are illustrated with whimsical little drawings. The prints were views of Italy, drawn from the hilly countryside surrounding Rome, with those distinctive Italian stone pines familiar from Turner’s paintings like ‘The Golden Bough’, the young Yeats’s favourite picture in the National Gallery, London. Their heavy heads and the softly shaded buildings perfectly captured the end of summer – while the details of the foreground foliage and the delicacy of the draftmanship convinced me that the artist must have had proper botanical training, this being the era of that sort of thing: remembering Darwin’s sketches, and Ruskin’s naturalist imperatives. Moreover, the fact that this was not a second-hand engraving but that the artist had executed the lithograph himself suggested a real dedication to craft, confirmed by the disciplined but easy connection of eye and hand. In fact as it turned out Lear was no ordinary artist: he’d worked since he was very young on ornithological drawings and prints until his eyes gave out. Suffering too from epilepsy and lung disease he had come south, spending much of the rest of his life travelling the Mediterranean and the Near East drawing and painting landscapes with an exquisite range and contrast of colour as well as the bold gradations of tone evident in these lithographs. All the while he was accumulating scraps of nonsense verse, which, slightly to his chagrin, were what made his name when published in London. Perhaps it is the air of melancholy behind their whimsy and exoticism that keeps them nearer to mind than his more painstakingly ‘serious’ art, but he is remembered even now more for nonsense than an evident capacity for sublimity.

Mosada (or Sebbeh) on the Dead Sea (1858)

Mosada (or Sebbeh) on the Dead Sea (1858)

Remarkably, since coming across them in the 1950s David Attenborough had been building a collection of Lear’s bold early ornithological drawings, recently reprinted by the Folio society in a limited edition. Attenborough describes his enthusiasm for prints like that below here, taking an anthropologist’s wry view of collectors. Last year it seems was also Lear’s 200th birthday, provoking an anniversary Ashmolean exhibition that sadly I missed.

Ramphastos Toco, Folio Society

Ramphastos Toco, from John Gould: A Monograph of the Ramphastidae, or Family of Toucans (1834)

So all in all I really should have known him rather better.

The more I looked at the his prints, the more I felt I could not leave them behind, even if the paper was significantly foxed by west of Ireland damp, and it was clear my bicycle panniers could not fit them. I enquired and the nice lady at the shop said she’d let them go at EU80 for the pair, which was pretty much a bargain I thought, given that almost anything framed is worth about that much. There were spaces on the wall ready for them in my new flat. I detemined to return and claim them, and ever since when the clouds clear they have been at my French windows bathing in the sun, which helps bleaches out the foxing. Meanwhile in low light the gradated tones of the lithograph really overpower any discolouration, and beyond this they are simply marvellous, in composition, tone, detail, everything.

Rome from above Porta Portese (1841)

Rome from above Porta Portese (1841)

It turned out the prints I acquired were two from this sequence, ‘Rome from above Porta Portese’ (above) and ‘Frascati’ (below), printed for publication in a book, Views of Rome and Its Environs (1841). This probably makes them not very rare, but if in good condition they’d be worth around £300 each so I decided that despite culpable ignorance of the artist my eye was in shape.

Frascati (1841)

Frascati (1841)

Interestingly, as well as Lear’s work featuring in many collections like the Asmolean and the National Gallery, here is confimation of the Met’s holding of another of the series – handcoloured but not necessarily by Lear himself, apparently.

Anyway, especial thanks to Dan and Sue who helped me pick up the carefully wrapped prints in a car and ferry them home. To celebrate the acquisition we had a fine chowder and crab salad down the road at Moran’s Oyster Cottage, bathing outside in more unseasonal sun. Inside, in the cool of thatch and crockery, it was companionable to imagine Seamus Heaney eating oysters and quickening into ‘verb, pure verb’. After all this was where he conceived ‘Oysters’, a poem he read aloud once more this summer in Galway. In toasting friendship we were also toasting generosity of imagination. In Clarenbridge, Galway, I had found Italy: and all this from a poem which imagines in damp panniers its salty goods returning horseback, ice-bound, to Rome.